Blog Fourteen 04/14

Module 6

2) What was distinctive about the end of Europe’s African and Asian empires compared to other cases of imperial disintegration?Many empires like, Assyrian, Romans, Arabs, and Mongols had their empires end due to being overtaken, whereas with Europe’s African and Asian empires the end had been associated with the mobilization of masses around a nationalist ideology. Many empires had collapsed in the twentieth century. As well as the Austrian as well as the Ottoman, following the end of World War I. Following, the Russian Empire falling apart even being under the Soviet Union. Then following World War II, the fall of both the German and Japanese empires. Eventually followed the movements of the African and Asian independence with all the stories of the other empires coming to an end and the ideas of national self-determination. There was an idea that humankind was divided into certain groups of people, or by nations, which each had deserved an independent state. There was a global acceptance during the twentieth century. Empires that had no territory had come under attack from highly nationalist governments. One of the main factors that had sparked up the Mexican revolution was the presence of the United States. One of the outcomes from the oil industry from Mexico, which was owned by the British as well as the Americans, was nationalism in 1937. 

3) What international circumstances and social changes contributed to the end of colonial empires? The two changes that had contributed to the end of the colonial empires were both the social and economical international changes. They had generated the human raw material for the anticolonial movements. In Asia by the early twentieth century and in Africa by the mid twentieth century,  when it came to the second and third generation, there were Western educated elites, who were largely male that had arisen throughout the colonial world. With these specific men, they were pretty familiar with the European culture. They were aware of things like, the deep value that was held between their values and their practices. They changed the way they viewed colonial rule for the peoples progress as their fathers have. They also had increasingly insisted on finally getting independence immediately.  There was a growing number of ordinary people, both men and women, and they were all receptive to the message. With the veterans of the world wars, some of the young had education but didn’t have a job. There was a small class of urban workers who were all increasingly aware of their exploitations. There were some small scale female traders who were resentful of the Europeans and privilege, the rural dwellers had lost land, or they had suffered from forced labor. 

6) What was the role of Gandhi in India’s struggle for independence?When Gandhi came back to India in 1915, he had risen to the leadership ranks of the Islamic Ottoman Empire. When it came to the 1920’s and the 1930’s, he had made the attempt for the periodic mass campaigns. These campaigns would draw support from an extraordinarily wide spectrum of indians. It drew support from those who were peasants, those who were urban poor, those who were intellectuals and those who were also artisans, as well as those who were capitalists and those who were socialists. And finally, it also drew support from Hindus and Muslims. When the British found out they had responded with a periodic repression. They also responded with concessions that had allowed a greater Indian role when it came to political life. Gandhi’s actions as well as his conducts, as well as his simple life and his unpretentious lifestyle, him having his support for Muslims, with him having frequent references to the Hindu religion and as well as their religious themes. All of these things appealed widely to India and ultimately formed the Islamic Ottoman Empire into the mass organization. To many people who were ordinary, they viewed Gandhis acts and believed he possessed magical powers.